When an implant is manufactured, a long rod of titanium is fed into a machine which turns the titanium into the cylinder or screw. The surface that results is a "Machined" surface. Screw type implants may be left in this machined state, but cylinders must be coated to achieve a sufficient surface area.

Although Dr. Brånemark originally thought that the secret of success of his dental implant design was in the machined surface, it has been shown time and time again that this is just not important. It works just fine at this point in time and although there are lots of claims that modifications improve characteristics, there is no evidence to support this.

None

While many of the implants in use today have some sort of surface microstructure enhancement, there is still no clinical evidence that this is an advantage.